Operating Modes: Monovalent, Bivalent, and Hybrid - Summary
Heat pumps can be operated in different modes depending on building requirements and climate conditions.
Monovalent Operation
The heat pump covers 100% of the heating demand alone.
- Suitable for well-insulated buildings
- Requires correctly sized heat pump
- Most efficient solution
Bivalent-Parallel Operation
Heat pump and backup heating (e.g., gas) work together below a certain temperature.
- For older buildings with higher heating loads
- Heat pump covers base load, backup covers peaks
Bivalent-Alternative Operation
Either heat pump or backup heating operates, depending on outside temperature.
- Heat pump operates above switchover point
- Backup heating takes over below switchover point
Hybrid Systems
Combination with solar thermal or photovoltaics for maximum efficiency and self-sufficiency.